[eujfg a'4n] hflt kftL / k/Dk/fnfO{ slxNo} klg k|>o lbg' ePg . ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hutsf] lxt / sNof0fdf eujfg a'4n] lbg' ePsf] pkb]z / To;sf] kfngf g} xfd|f] d"n ;+:s[lt xf] . To;df ljs[tL Nofpg] / unt k/Dk/fnfO{ sfod ug]{ JolQm slxNo} klg af}4 sxlng ;Qm}g .
काठमाडौं, पाटन र भक्तपुर बाहिर नेवार बौद्ध संस्कृतिको अवस्था
– केदार शाक्य
भूमिका
k|frLgsfnb]lv jt{dfg;Dd g]kfnsf] Oltxf; / ;+:s[ltsf] cWoog ubf{ slknj:t' u0ftGqsf zfSoj+z / log} j+zsf o'uk'?if eujfg a'4sf] cfWoflTds lrGtgn] xfd|f] wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] hu a;]sf] b]lvG5 . o;n] oxfF dfgj ;Eotfs} ljsf;df hLjg k4tLsf] ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ :yfg lnPsf] 5 .
zfSohgkb slknj:t' O;fk"j{ 5}6f}+ ztfAbLdf lgs} zlQmzfnL lyof] . eujfg a'4sf] j+z;Fu ljz]if ?kn] 3lgi6 gftf hf]8\g] OR5fn] sf]zn g/]z k|;]ghLtn] slknj:t'sf zfSox?sxfF Pp6L sGof dfUg k7fP . To;j]nf b]lv g} zfSox? cfˆgf] j+zsf s§/ kIfkftL lyP . cfk;df 5nkmn u/L ljrf/ ljdz{kl5 eujfg a'4sf sfsfsf] 5f]/f dxfgfd zfSosL gfud'08f eGg] bf;LsL k'qL af;evlQofnfO{ lbg] lg0f{o zfSo ;+3n] u/] . k|;]ghLt /fhfn] zfSo s'nsL 5f]/L kfPF egL clt k|zGg eO{ pgnfO{ ljjfx u/L dlxifL agfP . pg} bf;L k'qLsf] sf]vaf6 hGd]sf /fhs'df/ lj8'8e slknj:t' lagfz / laWj+zsf] sf/0f aGof] .
eujfg a'4 dxfkl/lgjf{0f x'g'eGbf cl3 s/Lj O;fk"j{ $(! cyjf O;fk"j{ $*^ lt/ lj8'8en] slknj:t' / b]jbx -sf]lno_ b'O{ zfSou0ftGqdf cfqmd0f u/L g/;+xf/ u/] . To;}a]nf afFsL /x]sf zfSox? slknj:t' / b]jbx 5f8]/ z/0fsf nflu otfptf a;fOF ;/] . lj8'8esf] cfd ;+xf/sf] sf/0f s]xL zfSox? ;d"xdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosf cfP . To;dWo] ;d"x ;d"xdf otfptf 5l/Psf zfSox?n] lkKknLjg, /fhu[x, j}zfnL, ljb]x cflb 7fpFx?df z/0f lnP .
logLx?n] cfˆgf] a'4wd{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ cfkm'x?;Fu} NofP . sf7df8f}+ pkTosf O;fk"j{ !))) – ;g\ !))–@)) O:jL;Dd ls/fFtj+zsf] af]nafnf lyof] . oL g]kfnsf cflbjf;L x'g\ . logLx? lxdfno kj{t >[+vnfaf6 la:tf/ eP/ O/fjfbL 3f6L x'Fb} k"j{b]lv klZrd sflZd/ ;Dd km}lnP/ /x]sf 5g\ . @( hgf ls/ft /fhfx?n] cf–cfˆgf] zf;g rnfPsf lyP . oxL ;dodf -cyf{t\ O;fk"j{ 5}6f}+ / kfFrf} ztfAbLdf_ slknj:t' / b]jbxsf zfSox? sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf cfO a;f]af; u/]sf x'gfn] zfSox? g]kfnsf cflbjf;L x'g eGg] k'i6L x'G5 . cfgGb leIf' sf7df8f}+ cfpg' x'Fbf klg pxfF;Fu zfSo Jofkf/Lx?;fy /x]sf lyP . s/Lj kfFrf}+ zftfAbL O;fk"j{b]lv sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf ls/fFtx?n] cfkm"x?nfO{ …g]kf/Ú eGg nfu] . log} ls/fta+zsf /fhf lht]b:tL 5}6f}+ jf ;ftf}+sf ;dodf eujfg a'4 5}6f}+ aiff{jf;df lyP . /fx'n;f+s[Tofogsf cg';f/ of] ;do O;fk"j{ %@# ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . o:t} ls/fFtj+zsf !$ cf}+ /fhf :y+'un] oxfF zf;g rnfO{ /x]sf avt ef/tdf ;d|f6 czf]ssf] /fHo zf;g lyof] . ;d|f6 czf]s g]kfn cfpFbf eoeLt eP/ ls/fFt /fhf :y'+un] uf]s0f{sf] h+undf Ps b'e{]B dxn agfP/ a:g yfn] . kf6g gu/ pg} czf]sn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] / rf/ lbzfdf rf/ o'usf] k|tLs rf/j6f czf]s r}To agfPsf] cBfkL b]Vg ;lsG5 . czf]s k'qL rf?dtLsf] ljjfx b]jkfn;Fu ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . pg}n] a;fPsf] gu/ b]jkf6g lyof] . rf?dtLn] oxfF af}4 ljxf/sf] lgdf{0f u/]/ a'4wd{ ;+:s[tLnfO{ hgdfg;df km}nfOg\ .
csf{] egfO{ cg';f/ lk|obzL{ ;d|f6 czf]s g]kfn cfpFbf sflGtk'/sf ls/fFtL /fhf :y'+un] eJo :jfut u/] . a'4 wd{ ;+:s[tLsf] k|rf/df x/ k|sf/n] ;xof]u u/] . oL b'a} egfOdf cluNnf] egfO Tolt ;To gePsf] b]lvG5 . ;d|f6 czf]s :joDe" bz{gsf kljq p2]Zon] g]kfn cfPsf lyP . zflGt / d}qL rfxg] lk|obzL{ ;d|f6;Fu ls/fFt zf;sn] eoeLt x'g'kg{] cj:yf b]lvb}g . To;}n] pgn] oxfFsf ls/fFt zf;s;Fu s'g} b'ZdgL lng' lyPg . t/ kf6gdf gu/ lgdf{0f u/L ToxfF cfˆgf h'jfOF b]jkfnnfO{ /fhf agfP/ hfg'sf] dtnj a'4 wd{ ;+:s[tLsf] k|rf/df an k'¥ofpg' xf] .
शाक्यहरुको देन
g]kfnsf] Oltxf; / a'4 wd{ ;+:s[tLsf] cWoog ubf{sf] Oltxf; zfSo hfltsf] pNn]v ljgf a'4wd{ / g]kfnL ;+:s[tLsf] ljsf;qmd k"/f x'g ;Sb}g . k|frLg slknj:t'sf zfSox?n] lq/Tg cyf{t a'4, wd{ / ;+3sf] nflu ct'ngLo of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . b'O{ xhf/ jif{ cl3 b]lv sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf zfSox?sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] x'Fbf a'4wd{ ;+:s[tLdf logLx?sf] cfˆgf] 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . o;n] g]kfns} wd{ ;+:s[tLdf clw/fHoe/L Jofkstf kfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] wd{ ;+:s[tL :yfkgfdf a'4 bz{g / o;sf Jofjxfl/s kIf cfk;df cToGt ;an ?kdf kfOG5 . :joDe" dxfr}To, kuf]8f z}nLsf b]un, af}4 :t"k, dxfaf}4 / o:t} cGo snfTds z}nLsf s[ltx?n] g]kfnsf] wd{ ;+:s[tLnfO{ efjgfTds / Jofjxfl/s kIfdf pTs[i6 agfpg k|]/0ffbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 .
शाक्यहरुको पुनः बहिर्गमन
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] jt{dfg :j?knfO{ l;+xfjnf]sg ubf{ O;fk"j{ !)))df ls/fFt j+zsf] cflwkTob]lv P]ltxfl;s u0fgf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . sl/j O;fk"j{ kfFrf} ztfAbLdf cfP/ logLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ æg]kf/Æ eGg yfn] . Oltxf;sf/x?sf] egfO cg';f/ kl5uP/ …/Ú nfO{ …nÚ pRrf/0f ug{ yflnPkl5 æg]kfnÆ b]zsf] gfd ;d]t x'guPsf] b]lvG5 . z'? z'?df sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{ dfq g]kfn eGg] ul/GYof] . ;g\ !&^* df k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxaf6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ljho kZrft g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f eof] . rf/ e~Hofª leqnfO{ dfq g]kfn eGg] rng kl5;Dd klg sfod} lyof] .
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] g]kfn PsLs/0f cleofg k"/f ePkl5 cyf{t\ ;g\ !&&) –&! lt/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf6 oxfFsf g]jf/ hfltx? Jofkf/ tyf /f]huf/sf] l;nl;nfdf s]xL k"j{tkm{ / sf]xL klZrdtkm{ nfu] . ;fFuf e~Hofª sf6]/ k"j{tkm{ nfUg] oxfFsf g]jf/ ;d'bfosf zfSo , jh|frfo{, jGb]h', u'efh' cflb k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ef]hk'/ / r}gk'/df uO{ a;f]af; ug{ yfn] . :j]R5fn] ltJjtsf] Nxf;fdf uO{ Jofkf/ Joj;fo rnfO{ a:g] zfSo, wfVjf, t'nfw/ cflb hfltsf dflg;x?n] Jofkf/ u/L wg ;DkQL cfh{g u/] kl5 k'g M sf7dfdf8f}+ pkTosfdf g} kms]{/ cfP . t/ k"j{lt/ hfg] zfSo, jh|frfo{, u'efh' / jGb]h'x? rflx Jofkf/ Joj;fo u/L ToxL+ :yfoL a;f]af; ug{ yfn] . dlxgf}+ lbg nufP/ cfjt hfjt ug{'kg{] eP klg cfˆgf] k'vf{}nL ynf] vf;u/L kf6g / eQmk'/df cfpg] hfg] qmd rln/Xof] . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f b'O{j6f b]lvG5 . klxnf] sf/0f–oxfFaf6 uPsf af}4x?sf] 5f]/fsf] r"8fsd{ oxLFsf] dxfljxf/–axfndf g} ;DkGg ug{'kg{] ;+3sf] lgod cg';f/ afWotf lyof] . bf];|f] sf/0f Jofkfl/s p2]Zosf j:t'x? vl/b ljqmL ubf{ oxfF cfjt hfjt eO /Xof] .
klZrdlt/ hfg] zfSo, jh|frfo{x?s]f klg l:ylt k|foM pxL lyof] . klZrdlt/ hfg]x? kfNkf–tfg;]g / kf]v/fdf cf–cfˆgf] Joj;fo u/L a;] . o;/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaf6 aflx/ hfg] csf{] Pp6f sf/0f klg 5 — Tof] s] eg] tTsfnLg zf;s /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] kfnfdf Ps k6s dxfdf/L km}lnof] . lztnf /f]u nfu]sf s]6fs]6Lsf afj' cfdfnfO{ rf/ e~Hofª s6fP/ k7fOof] . ;fFuf e~Hofª s6fP/ k7fOPsfx? tfdfv'zL kf/L uP/ z/0f lnOa;] . ltgLx? ag]kf, knfGrf]s, bf]nvf x'Fb} tfdfv'zL;Dd k'u] . t/ To;a]nf aflx/ n]v]l6g]x?df s'g hfltsf a9L lyP eGg] :ki6 5}g .
धर्म ;+:s[lt प्रतिको चाहना
!* cf}+ ztfAbLdf k"j{lt/ hfg] g]jf/af}4x?n] cfˆgf] wd{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ 5f8]gg\ . plgx?n] pkTosf leq 5Fbf ckgfPsf ;a} ljlw Jojxf/x? lg/Gt/ ?kdf cBfkL ckgfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ a'4wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf Aofjxfl/s an ldn]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf a;f]af; ug{] ;a} g]jf/ ;d'bfosf dflg;x? dxfofgL–jh|ofgL a'4wd{ ;+:s[lt cGtu{t g} cfˆgf] ljlw Jojxf/ ug{] ePsfn] pkTosf aflx/ hfg] ;a} af}4x?n] oxLFsf] rngnfO{ cFufn]sf 5g\ . k|foM af}4x?sf] 6f]ndf Pp6f r}To / ToxfF /x]sf a'4nfO{ lgoldt w"k–bLk / km"nn] k"hf ug{] ul/G5 . a'4wd{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ jf:tljs cy{df Jojxf/df ptfg{] cg]s ljlw ljwfgdWo] r'8fsd{, h+s', OxL–afx|f tyf d[To' ;+:sf/sf ljlwx? oyfjt 5g\ . oL dWo] r"8fsd{ ljlw af}4 ;+:sf/sf] k|yd / clgjfo{ c+u dflgG5 .
चूडाकर्मको परम्परा
/fhs'df/ l;4fy{n] dxflelgiqmd0f u/L cgf]df gbL kf/L k'u]kl5 /fh;L cfe"if0f tyf j:q Tofu u/L :jo+ s]z d'+8g u/L k|jlht eP . l;4fy{ af]lw;Tjn] o; lsl;dn] k|jlht x'g'nfO{ ;+ejtM kl5sf af}4x?n] o;nfO{ af}4 ;+:sf/sf ?kdf u|x0f ug{ yfn]sf] x'g'kb{5 . clxn]sf zfSo, jh|frfo{, jGb]h', u'efh' cflb af}4x?n] dxfljxf/, afxf, alxx?df !) hgf cfh'x?nfO{ ;fIfL /fvL ljlw ljwfgx? ;lxt r"8fsd{ ug{] rng /x]sf] x'Fbf pkTosf aflx/ uPsf oL af}4x? la=;+= @))& ;fn eGbf cufl8;Dd sf7df8f}+, kf6g / eQmk'/df cfP/ cf–cfˆgf ljxf/–afxfndf r"8fsd{ u/L kms{GYf] .
la=;+= @))* ;fndf cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGbsf] ;lqmotfdf klZrdf~rnaf6 leIf' zfSofgGb / k"jf{~rnaf6 leIf' ;'jf]wfgGb /fhb/jf/ hfg'eO{ >L % lqe'jgl;t pkTosf aflx/ klg r"8fsd{ ug{ kfpg] x's'd k|df+uL lng' ePsf] lyof] . o;kl5 @)!# ;fndf ef]hk'/ 6S;f/df >LzfSod'lg ljxf/df / @)!( ;fndf s?0ffr}To ljxf/df r"8fsd{ ;DkGg x'g yfNof] . r}gk'/ -;+v'jf;ef_ df lj=;+= @)@)÷@)@! ;fnb]lv au}+rf 6f]ndf /x]sf] a'4r}Todf r"8fsd{ x'gyfNof] . To;kl5 lj=;+= @)@* ;fndf w/fgsf] :joDe"r}To ljxf/df r"8fsd{ ePb]lv otfsf] u0fgf vf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] w]/}h;f] r"8fsd{ cf–cfˆgf] ;'ljwf cg';f/ x'g] u/]s]f 5 . klxn] h:tf] ljlw ljwfg k'¥ofpg pkTosfdf g} cfpg' kg{] afWotf 5}g .
k|hftGq cfpg' eGbf cl3 / kl5sf] em08} Ps bzs ;Dd cfly{s ljkGgtfsf sf/0f r"8fsd{ gug]{x?nfO{ hftLo cfwf/df x]o b[li6n] x]l/g] ul/GYof] . o;sf] d"Vo sf/0f u/LjL lyof] . u/Ljx?n] dlxgf} nufP/ sf7df8f}+ kf6g cfpg hfg g;Sg] l:ylt lyof] . To:tf kl/jf/sf] ljx] cflb sfo{ r"8f sd{ eO;s]sfx¿;Fu grNg] / hftaf6 x6Js ug]{ h:tf ;fdGtL k|yfsf] k|efj / af]nafnf lyof] . of] k|yf kl5 la:tf/} x6]/ uof] . r"8fsd{ gug]{x? caf}4 x'g] / plgx? la:tf/} u}/af}4 :qL;Fu ljjfx ug{ afWo x'g] / cfˆgf] hflt / j+zaf6 ljd'v x'Fb} hfg' kg]{ l:ylt lyof] . Tof] cBfkL 5Fb} 5 . r"8fsd{ k4lt kl5 uP/ af}4 / caf}4sf] ;Ldf /]vf aGof] . zfSon] g]jf/ ;d'bfo s} csf]{ y/sf] l:ql;t ljx]u/L hGd]sf ;Gtfgsf] r"8fsd{ afa'n] af}4 ljlw cg';f/ ul/lbg] rng lyPg . To;n] ubf{ zfSo jf jh|frfo{ afa'sf ;Gtfg r"8fsd{ geP kl5 plgx? caf}4 k/Dk/f cg';f/ a|tjGw ug{ afWo x'g] / plgx?nfO{ af}4 eGg] rng 5}g of] rngnfO{ jt{dfg kl/l:ylt cg';f/ k'gM d"Nof+sg ug'{ kg]{ vfFrf] 5 . zfSox?n] o; lsl;dsf] c8fg zfob j+zk/Dk/f cg';f/ slknj:t' hgkb b]lv g} lng yfn]sf] x'g ;Qm5 . dfly pNn]v eP em}+ zfSox?sf] hftLo cf8Da/n] ubf{ bf;Lk'qLsf ;Gtfg la8'8en] abnfsf] efjgf lnO{ dRrfPsf] cfd g/xTofsf] s6' :d/0f x'G5 . t/ xfn cfP/ sf7df8f}+sf ah|frfo{ u'?h"x?af6 To:tf y/ km/s ePsf cfdf afa'sf ;GtfgnfO{ j}nf]rg tLy{:ynsf] r}Todf r"8fsd{ u/L lbg] ;x|fxgLo sfo{ ePsf] 5 . o; sfo{df k+l8t ab|L/Tg ah|frfo{ cu|0fL b]lvg' ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf af}4 ;+:s[tL / wd{sf] ;+/If0fdf zfSoj+zsf] 7"nf] of]ubfg /x]sfn] zfSo jf jh|frfo{n] h'g;'s} y/sf :qL;Fu ljx] u/L hGd]sf ;GtfgnfO{ klg af}4 agfO{ /fVg p;nfO{ ljlw k"j{s r"8fsd{ u/fO{ lbg' Gofo ;+ut x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] sfo{ klxn] b]lv g} ePsf] eP zfob af}4x?sf] jf:tljs hg;+Vof yfxf kfpg ;lhnf] kb{Yof] . xfd|f] ;dfh lkt[;QfTds ePsfn] j+zrnfpg h'g tl/sf ckfgfOb} cfPsf] 5 To;nfO{ x]bf{ r"8fsd{ ljlw cToGTo dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 .
चाड पर्व मनाउने चलन
sf7df8f}+, kf6g / eQmk'/af6 aflx/ uPsf g]jf/ ;d'bfodf rf8kj{ dgfpg] k|rngsf cfwf/df dfq af}4 ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg ug{ sl7g x'G5 .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf aflx/sf t'nfw/, tfd|fsf/, pbf; cflb ljleGg pkhfltsf gfdn] lrlgg]x? ;a} af}4 ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/ leq 5}gg\ . o; dWo] ef]hk'/ 6S;f/sfx? rfFlx afa' afh]n] dflgcfPsf] wd{ ;+s[tLnfO{ ckfgfpg]x? klg 5g\ / plgx? af}4 wd{ / ;+:s[lt leq 5g\ . t/ w]/} h;f] rfFlx a]hflt ljx]jf/Ldf g} /dfpg] ePsfn] cfˆgf] k'vf]{nL j+z k/Dk/f b]lv k[ys x'Fb} caf}4 ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[tLsf] h+hfndf ljs[t ?kdf k/]sf 5g\ . t/ clxn] rfFlx afa'n] h'g;'s} y/sL :qL;Fu ljx] u/] klg pgsf ;GtfgnfO{ zfSo jf jh|frfo{ g} eGg] ul/G5 . g]kfndf sl/j @)) jif{ cl3sf] ;fdGtL hfltkftL Joj:yfsf] kl/0ffd clxn] k|hftGq k|flKt kl5 km/s x'Fb}5 .
sf7df8f}+, kf6g / eQmk'/af6 k"j{ jf klR5dlt/ uO{ a;f]af; ug]{ af}4x?n] k|hftGq cfpg' cl3 / kl5sf s]xL jif{x?df klg zfSo ;d'bfodf g]jf/ ;d'bfos} km/s y/ ePsf :qL;Fu ljx] kl5 hGd]sf 5f]/f 5f/LnfO{ / oxfF ;Dd sL >LdtLnfO{ klg eft efG5fdf km/s ug]{ rng lyof] . :jo+d kfs] eO{ vfg] . r'nf]df plgx?nfO{ gleoeofpg] . clg r'nf] aflx/ g} plgx?nfO{ eft v'jfpg] rng lyof] . To:tf] s7f]/ ;fdflhs cj:yfdf r"8fsd{ ul/lbg] t k|Zg} lyPg . chftsf ;GtfgnfO{ cfˆg} eP klg km/s Jojxf/ ug]{ To;j]nf ;fdflhs, cw{;fdGtL k|yf lyof] . of] k|;+u oxfF pNn]v ug'{sf] d'n tfTko{ sf7df8f}+, kf6g / eQmk'/af6 aflx/ uPsf zfSo jf jh|frfo{x?sf] tTsfnLg oyfy{ lrq0f ug'{ xf] . / oxfFaf6 aflx/ hfg] g]jf/ af}4x? klg d'n ?kdf log} b'O{ hfltsf g} lyP . clxn] ltgLx?sf ;Gtfg s]xL d"n ?kdf / s]xL rflxF pkhfltsf ?kdf k"jf{~rnsf k|foM ;a} lhNnfx? ef]hk'/ -6S;f/_, ;+v'jf;ef -r}gk'/–vfFbjf/L_, tfKn]h'ª, df]/ª -lj/f6gu/, pnf{jf/L,_, ;'g;/L -w/fg, emfkf, ao/jg, rt/f_, Onfddf :yfoL a;f]af; tyf Joj;fo u/L a;]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L gf]s/L tyf cGo k]zf ckgfpg], a'l4hLjL, lzlIft JolQmx? xfn k'gM sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf kms]{/ :yfoL a;f]af; ul/ a;]sf 5g\ . r]tgzLn a'l4hLjL ju{sf g]jf/ af}4x?n] clxn] klg cfˆgf] k'/fgf] wd{ ;+:s[tLnfO{ yfd]/ k/Dk/f ckgfO cfPsf 5g\ .
To;} u/L klZrdf~rn hfg] g]jf/ af}4x?sf] klg cj:yf k"jf{~rnsf] eGbf vf;} km/s 5}g . klZrdf~rnsf k|d'v :yfgx?df g'jfsf]6–lqz'nL, kf]v/f, kfNkf–tfg;]g, e}/xjf, a'6jn, g]kfnu~h, wgu9L cflb :yfgx?df a;f]jf; ug]{ g]jf/ af}4x?df ;a}eGbf a9L Jojl:yt 9+uaf6 cfˆgf] wd{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ hLljt /fVg]x?df g'jfsf]6–lqz'nL, kfNkf–tfg;]g, kf]v/f / afun'Ë g} b]lvG5 .
समस्याहरु
sf7df8f}+, kf6g / eQmk'/af6 aflxl/g] g]jf/ af}4x?sf] cfˆgf] wd{ ;+:s[lt arfO{ /fVg] d"n ;d:of r"8fsd{sf] ljlw ljwfg xf] .
– jh|frfo{ u'h{x?sf] cefj 5, ePsf jh|frfo{x?df klg af}4 sd{sf08sf] 1fgsf] sdL 5 .
af}4 wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf x|f; cfPsf] 5 .
– sf7df8f}+, kf6g / eQmk'/af6 aflxl/Psf zfSo, jh|frfo{x?sf ;Gtfg h;n] aflx/sf ljxf/x?df r"8fsd{ ljlw ;DkGg u/L k'gM oxfF kms]{/ cfˆgf] k'vf}{nL ljxf/df cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ r"8fsd{ ug{ lbg] jf glbg] d"n ;d:of v8f ePsf] 5 . ;+3 kl/jf/af6 aflx/ ePkl5 ;+3sf] lgod, ljlw ljwfgnfO{ k'gM kfngf u5'{ egL cfpg]x?nfO{ s'g cfwf/df ;+3df k'gM k|j]z u/fpg] < of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ u+eL/ 5nkmn x'g' kb{5 .
– g]kfnd08n leqsf k|rlnt af}4 ;+:s[ltn] sf7df8f}+, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/df h'g ?kdf lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] 5 Tof] ?kdf aflx/ 5}g . s]xL ;Lldt dfqfdf kfO{P klg To;sf] lg/Gt/tf 5}g . g]jf/ ;d'bfodf b]vfk/]sf] efiffut Jojwfgn] klg cfˆgf] wd{ ;+:s[lt qmdzM nf]k eP/ uPsf] 5 . olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg r]tgf / hfu[tLsf] k'g/fj[QL ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;sf nflu cfjZos 1fgsf] sdL 5 .
– sfnLu9L, snfsf}zn tyf Jofkf/ Joj;fosf nflu oxfFaf6 aflxl/Psf g]jf/ af}4x¿n] cfˆgf] k'/fgf] sfnLu9L tyf snfsf}znsf] Joj;fo 5f8\b} cfPsf 5g\ . cy{ pkfh{g tyf xftdf ePsf] zLknfO{ ;do kl/l:ylt cg';f/ kl/jt{g ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ ePsfn] logLx¿n] cfˆgf] af}4 ;+:s[lt tyf ljlw ljwfgx¿nfO{ la;{+b} uPsf 5g\ . hfGg] a'‰g] a"9f kfsfx¿ x/fpFb} uPkl5 gofF k':tfn] cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ c+ufNg g;Sg] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
– ;+:s[lt ;+/If0f ug{ g]jf/ efiffsf] k|rngnfO{ anlbg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . dft[efiffsf] k|rng qmdzM kj{t] efiffdf ?kfGtl/t ePkl5 cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltn] klg lj:tf/} 7fpF 5f8\b} cfPsf] 5 .
उपसंहार
;do / kl/l:ylt cg';f/ xfd|f Jojxf/ / sd{sf08x? k|ltkflbt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . s]jn hfltkftLs} cfwf/df dfq af}4 wd{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . zfSo, jh|frfo{ afx]s cGo y/ ePsf g]jf/ ;d'bfosf af}4x? hf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf / aflx/ klg 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ r"8fsd{ s} cfwf/df dfq af}4 elgb}g . d'ntM a'4, wd{ / ;+3sf] jf:tljs cy{af]w u/L To;df eujfg a'4n] lbg' ePsf] pkb]znfO{ uxg lrGtg, dgg, ug'{ kg]{ vfFrf] 5 .
eujfg a'4n] hflt kftL / k/Dk/fnfO{ slxNo} klg k|>o lbg' ePg . ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hutsf] lxt / sNof0fdf eujfg a'4n] lbg' ePsf] pkb]z / To;sf] kfngf g} xfd|f] d"n ;+:s[lt xf] . To;df ljs[tL Nofpg] / unt k/Dk/fnfO{ sfod ug]{ JolQm slxNo} klg af}4 sxlng ;Qm}g .
सन्दर्भ ग्रन्थ सूची
!= The Shakyas of Nepal - Bhuwan Lal Pradhan
@= a'4sflng u|Gyx? – cfrfo{ leIf' cd[tfgGb
#= e/tv08 cf}/ g]kfn – z]v/ l;+x uf}td
$= af}4 ;+:s[lt ljifos ljleGg kqklqsf tyf k':tsx¿
%= lem= k'rM k||sfzs g]kfn efiff tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+3 lj/f6gu/
