[Officially, the display was to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the creation of the People’s Liberation Army. But it was also the highlight of a week of political theater promoting Mr. Xi as a uniquely qualified politician whose elevated status as China’s “core” leader, endorsed by officials last year, should be entrenched at the party congress.]
By Chris Buckley
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Soldiers from the
People’s Liberation Army of China preparing for a military parade
on Sunday to commemorate the 90th anniversary
of the founding of the army.
Credit China
Daily/Reuters
|
BEIJING
— China’s president, Xi
Jinping, has opened a public campaign to deepen his grip on power in a coming
leadership shake-up, using a huge military parade on Sunday, speeches and
propaganda, along with a purge in the past week, to warn officials to back him
as the nation’s most powerful leader in two decades.
Wearing his mottled green uniform as
commander in chief of the People’s Liberation Army, Mr. Xi watched as 12,000
troops marched and tanks, long-range missile launchers, jet fighters and other
new weapons drove or flew past in impeccable arrays.
Mao famously said political power comes from
the barrel of a gun, and Mr. Xi signaled that he, too, was counting on the
military to stay ramrod loyal while he chooses a new leading lineup to be
unveiled at a Communist Party congress in the autumn.
“Troops across the entire military, you must
be unwavering in upholding the bedrock principle of absolute party leadership
of the military,” Mr. Xi said at the parade, held on a dusty training base in
Inner Mongolia region, 270 miles northwest of Beijing. “Always obey and follow
the party. Go and fight wherever the party points.”
The ceremony was broadcast across the
country.
Officially, the display was to celebrate the
90th anniversary of the creation of the People’s Liberation Army. But it was
also the highlight of a week of political theater promoting Mr. Xi as a
uniquely qualified politician whose elevated status as China’s “core” leader,
endorsed by officials last year, should be entrenched at the party congress.
“These military parades could become a
regular, institutionalized thing, but this one also has a special meaning this
year,” said Deng Yuwen, a former editor at a party newspaper in Beijing who
writes current affairs commentaries. “It’s meant to show that Xi Jinping firmly
has the military in his grip, and nobody should have any illusions of
challenging him.”
The congress will almost certainly give Mr.
Xi, 64, a second, five-year term as the party general secretary and chairman of
the commission that controls the military, and it will appoint a new team to
work under him.
No exact date has been fixed for the
congress. An annual legislative meeting early next year will also almost
certainly give Mr. Xi five more years as state president.
Some experts have speculated that Mr. Xi may
want to retain power after those terms end, although the Constitution says he
cannot stay on as president. There are no firm rules for maximum terms as party
general secretary.
Mr. Xi has accompanied the demands for unity
with a vivid warning to officials who step out of line. In the past week, he
oversaw the abrupt purge of Sun Zhengcai, a onetime contender for promotion at
the congress. Mr. Sun, 53, had been the party secretary of Chongqing, a city in
southwest China, until his dismissal in mid-July.
The party announced last Monday that he was
under investigation for violations of “discipline” — usually a euphemism for
corruption — and Mr. Sun has since been pilloried in official media. Provincial
leaders, including many with a shot at promotion, have called meetings to denounce
Mr. Sun as a “tiger,” or corrupt senior official.
“At this point, we can’t say for sure he will
be the last big tiger to be brought down before the opening of the party
congress,” said Prof. Ding Xueliang, a political scientist at the Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology who studies the Chinese Communist Party.
“We don’t know; other leaders don’t know either.”
For now, Mr. Xi appears to be seeking to
ensure that his second-term lineup includes younger loyalists who will defend
him and his policies for years to come. Several are poised to join the
Politburo, a council of 25 senior central, provincial and military leaders. Up
to 11 members of the Politburo are likely to retire at the congress, including
five members of the Politburo Standing Committee, a more powerful body with
seven members.
The negotiations over the new lineup happen
in secret. But the burst of propaganda and warnings appears intended to
pressure officials and retired leaders to go along with Mr. Xi’s wishes over
who goes up and who steps down.
Mr. Xi is by the estimate of many observers
China’s most powerful leader since Deng Xiaoping, who died in 1997. While the
military does not have much direct say in politics, its support is essential
for Mr. Xi’s long-term authority, Professor Ding said.
“Xi Jinping has spent more time on the
military than any other leader,” Professor Ding said by telephone. “He knows
clearly that eventually, if he wants to keep in power, if he wants to
concentrate power even more, he must make sure the army is with him.”
Mr. Xi’s recent predecessors as national
leader, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, also prepared for leadership turnovers with
crescendos of propaganda. But the adulation around Mr. Xi has been strikingly
worshipful. More than them, Mr. Xi has made a personal case for power.
On Friday, Study Times, a party newspaper
widely read by officials, devoted its front page to an adulatory profile of Mr.
Xi that said he was blessed by his “red” upbringing with special leadership
mettle. It recounted his tough maturation as the son of a veteran revolutionary
who was persecuted by Mao, testing the family’s loyalty to the Communist cause,
and his seven years working in the dirt-poor countryside during the Cultural
Revolution.
The profile has been was widely promoted by
party newspapers and websites, and its anonymous author was described as
“special commentator,” a title usually used for articles with high-level
endorsement.
“I never saw anything like this for Jiang
Zemin or Hu Jintao,” said Mr. Deng, the former editor, who used to work for
Study Times. “They didn’t get this treatment.”
Mr. Xi “grew up with an inheritance of red
genes, was tempered by harsh setbacks and suffering, and has steeled himself in
complicated international struggle,” the profile said, referring to his
revolutionary background and career.
“The lion of the east has woken,” it said,
referring to China. “But it faces tremendous risks of being surrounded by
tigers and wolves and suffering even more intense strategic encirclement,
clashes and meddling.”
The profile also said Mr. Xi personally
pushed through difficult and contentious policy changes in his first five years
in power, including building artificial islands fitted with military
installations in the disputed South China Sea.
“In the South China Sea, he personally
decided on building islands and consolidating reefs,” the profile said. Mr. Xi
had, it said, “built a robust strategic base for ultimately prevailing in the
struggle to defend the South China Sea, and has in effect constructed a Great Wall
at sea.”
Mr. Xi’s power has already unsettled critics,
including some inside the party, who worry that he has destabilized norms of
collective leadership that can slow decision-making but also prevent dangerous
overreach.
“This over-concentration of authority can
really get you in trouble,” Susan L. Shirk, a former State Department deputy
assistant secretary for China policy, said in an interview before the parade.
“I especially think about foreign and security policy.”
As well as endorsing a new leadership, the
congress will endorse a report laying out, in the dry jargon of party
documents, Mr. Xi’s broad goals for his next five years.
He told senior officials at the two-day
meeting that ended on Thursday that the report should treat China’s next few
years as a time of great risk.
“Look to the developments that are bring us
risks,” he told the officials, according to a report in People’s Daily, the
official party paper. “Be ready for the worst, and make the fullest
preparations for that, while working toward a good outcome and striving for the
best.”
