[Open intimidation on Australian soil is a much more recent concern. It has taken the form of WeChat messages or phone calls, often from individuals claiming to be Chinese officials. They may ask for a call back regarding passport or visa matters, or claim a package has arrived at the embassy for the person they are calling; many of them demand sensitive personal information that Uighurs believe Chinese authorities would already have because of prior visa requests.]
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By Rick Noack
Police
officers walk alongside two women in Kashgar, in the Xinjiang autonomous
region,
China, on Nov. 8, 2018. (Bloomberg/Bloomberg)
|
ADELAIDE,
Australia — Alfiraa Dilshat
and Rashida Abdughufur were picnicking in the small seaside town of Victor
Harbor in late December when Abdughufur got a video call from her mother.
With Abdughufur living in Adelaide, a city in
southern Australia, and her mother in the Xinjiang region of China, it was a
rare chance for the two to connect. At first, Abdughufur said, she was excited
because she hadn’t talked to her mother in a long time.
Then came “disaster.”
Abdughufur’s mother appeared on the screen in
handcuffs, sitting next to a police officer. “They started interrogating me,”
Abdughufur said. Fearing for her safety, she complied, sharing sensitive
details and documents the police demanded from her, including her Australian
driver’s license.
When Abdughufur finished the call, “her face
was pale,” her friend Dilshat remembered. Shortly thereafter, an audio message
from Abdughufur’s mother arrived. “These people will look for you,” it said.
The WeChat account used to contact Abdughufur was disconnected soon after.
Abdughufur hasn’t heard from her mother since.
This was the kind of danger that she and
other Uighurs had hoped to escape. In the past few years, China has conducted a
sweeping campaign to suppress Uighur identity and restrict the practice of
Islam. As many as 1 million Uighurs and members of other minority groups —
mostly Muslim ones — are being held without charges in brutal internment camps,
according to the United Nations. It is just the latest episode in a
decades-long history of tension between Uighurs and the staunchly secular, Han
Chinese-dominated government in Beijing.
Abdughufur herself fled Xinjiang in 2017,
when China intensified its crackdown. Shortly after moving to Australia, her
younger brother and father were sent to internment camps.
After months of denying the camps existed,
China switched last year to justifying them. Beijing insists it is merely
providing job training and “de-extremism education” in a region that is poor
and steeped in fundamentalism. “As a result of the vocational education and
training, the social environment of Xinjiang has seen notable changes, with a
healthy atmosphere on the rise and improper practices declining,” said Shohrat
Zakir, the de facto No. 2 official in Xinjiang, in October.
The Chinese embassy in Australia did not
respond to requests for comment.
On Friday, Uighurs across Australia rallied
in Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide to highlight the plight of their communities
in China, but also to protest against their treatment by Beijing abroad.
Uighurs in Adelaide said efforts to
infiltrate their community go back more than a decade. One man, who spoke on
the condition of anonymity because he still has family in China, said that
during a visit to China in 2005, he was offered what was then an average wage
in Australia if he agreed to spy on his community. Another woman, who also
spoke on the condition of anonymity to protect her family, said she was
approached with a similar request as recently as 2011.
Open intimidation on Australian soil is a
much more recent concern. It has taken the form of WeChat messages or phone
calls, often from individuals claiming to be Chinese officials. They may ask
for a call back regarding passport or visa matters, or claim a package has
arrived at the embassy for the person they are calling; many of them demand
sensitive personal information that Uighurs believe Chinese authorities would
already have because of prior visa requests.
That pattern, said Michael Clarke, who
researches the treatment of Uighurs at Australia’s National Security College,
is “consistent, not just with incidents in Australia, but also in other places
around the world.”
Some researchers caution that there is no
statistical evidence of such tactics, but Uighur community leaders say
complaints about calls, messages and video chats have proliferated as
Adelaide’s Uighurs have become more politically active over the last two years.
Uighurs say the calls began in March, just hours after the community staged its
largest-ever protest in Canberra, Australia’s capital, to highlight the plight
of China’s Uighurs.
“After the protest in Canberra, even young
kids who were born here got the phone calls,” said 37-year-old Adam Turan, who
said his 80-year-old father died weeks after being released from an internment
camp in Xinjiang in the fall.
A spokesman for Australia’s Department of
Home Affairs told The Post that “the Australian Government takes seriously its
responsibility to protect our sovereignty, values and national interests from
foreign interference" and highlighted the passage of a stringent new
espionage and foreign interference law last year.
The calls and messages have taken a heavy
toll. The tightknit Adelaide Uighur community of about 170 families has watched
helplessly as an increasing number of their relatives in China have been taken
to the internment camps. Many think their activism has led to such
imprisonments — and, in some cases, deaths. The community’s growth has also
trickled to a standstill as leaving China has become harder and harder for
Uighurs.
“Because we live here, they suffer,” Turan
said. As he sat in a Uighur restaurant in central Adelaide and recalled his own
father’s death, he was interrupted by the restaurant’s owner, who approached
the table to share details about his own family’s disappearance.
All of the Uighurs interviewed for this
report said they had experienced depression or anxiety following the detention
of their relatives and continuing harassment. “Sometimes I want to kill
myself,” said Almas Nizamidin, 28, a construction worker who says his wife is
being detained in a Chinese internment camp and who has lobbied Australian
lawmakers unsuccessfully to raise the issue with Chinese officials.
“We all have psychological issues here,”
Turan agreed. “At work, I try not to cry.”
For him, the questions he used to fear most
began early in the morning, at the breakfast table with his children. “Do you
have parents?” his 5-year-old son repeatedly asked. “Why are they not here?”
“Even the children go through this trauma,”
Turan said. “That’s the hardest part.”
China is Australia’s biggest export market,
putting Canberra in an awkward position. Australia’s government is a vocal
critic of the treatment of Uighurs; it joined the United States as recently as
November in calling on China to close its camps. But Nurmuhammad Said Majid,
the president of the East Turkistan Australian Association (“East Turkistan” is
the term used by Uighurs to describe Xinjiang), believes that Australia’s
increasing dependence on China has made it more difficult for his
community to have their complaints heard.
“We’re paying a heavy price for what we do
here,” Majid said.
While sitting for an interview at Southern
Australia’s State Library in Adelaide, Majid noticed red lanterns outside the
library, announcing a new exhibition on ancient China. Such exhibitions and
other intercultural exchanges have become more frequent in recent years,
despite Australia’s criticisms of China’s human rights record.
“When I see those lanterns,” Majid said,
pointing to them, “I see the blood of our families.”
This story has been updated with comments
from the Australian Department of Home Affairs.