[While the government claims that none of the checkpoints attacked by the Taliban have fallen, district elders and villagers say otherwise, characterizing the situation as approaching a humanitarian crisis. Thousands of residents are believed to have been displaced in the fighting.]
By Azam Ahmed And Taimoor Shah
 |
| Security officials at a checkpoint in Helmand Province, which has experienced an aggressive insurgent push. Watan Yar/European Pressphoto Agency |
KABUL, Afghanistan — In one of the most
significant coordinated assaults on the government in years, the Taliban have
attacked police outposts and government facilities across several districts in
northern Helmand Province, sending police and military officials scrambling to
shore up defenses and heralding a troubling new chapter as coalition forces
prepare to depart.
The attacks have focused on the district of Sangin, historically
an insurgent stronghold and one of the deadliest districts in the country for
the American and British forces who fought for years to secure it. The Taliban
have mounted simultaneous attempts to conquer territory in the neighboring
districts of Now Zad, Musa Qala and Kajaki. In the past week, more than 100
members of the Afghan forces and 50 civilians have been killed or wounded in
fierce fighting, according to early estimates from local officials.
With a deepening political crisis in
Kabul already casting the presidential election and long-term political
stability into doubt, the Taliban offensive presents a new worst-case situation
for Western officials: an aggressive insurgent push that is seizing territory
even before American troops have completed their withdrawal from Afghanistan.
The battle in Helmand is playing out as, about 1,500 miles to
the west, Iraq is losing ground to an insurgent force that advanced in the
shadow of the American withdrawal there. The fear pulsing through Afghanistan
is that it, too, could fall apart after the NATO-led military coalition departs
in 2016.
Already, areas once heavily patrolled by American forces have
grown more violent as the Afghan military and the police struggle to feed, fuel
and equip themselves. The lackluster performance of the Afghan Army so far in
Helmand has also evoked comparisons with Iraq, raising questions about whether
the American-trained force can stand in the way of a Taliban resurgence.
Officials in Helmand say the answers may come soon enough.
“The Taliban are trying to overrun several districts of northern
Helmand and find a permanent sanctuary for themselves,” said Hajji Mohammad
Sharif, the district governor for Musa Qala. “From there, they pose threats to
the southern parts of Helmand and also pose threats to Kandahar and Oruzgan
Provinces.”
Officials from the government and the international military
coalition flew to Helmand on Friday to assess the situation. The military has
sent in reinforcements, though early reports from residents indicate that those
forces had made little headway in pushing the Taliban back. The police have
fought ferociously to protect their areas and, in at least a few cases,
succumbed only after running out of ammunition.
While the government claims that none of the checkpoints
attacked by the Taliban have fallen, district elders and villagers say otherwise,
characterizing the situation as approaching a humanitarian crisis. Thousands of
residents are believed to have been displaced in the fighting.
“I see the people running everywhere with their women and
children to take shelter,” said Hajji Amanullah Khan, a village elder. “It is
like a doomsday for the people of Sangin. We do not have water, and there is a
shortage of food.
“The price of everything has gone up because the highways and
roads have been blocked for the last week.”
Northern Helmand is a small region with a history of troubles.
Despite the recent Taliban gains, the area is far from lost.
With its austere deserts interrupted by dense lines of foliage
hugging the Sangin River, the district has long been marooned in a sea of
Taliban support. It is also squarely in the heart of poppy country, a vital and
growing source of income for the insurgents.
Though positioned at a significant crossroads into the northern
Helmand area, with access to neighboring provinces, Sangin also carries great
symbolic weight. The Taliban have repeatedly used the area to make a statement
about the limits of Afghan and Western government strength, and local officials
fear a similar approach now.
“The Taliban are planning to create problems in several northern
Helmand districts to pave the way for their fighters to operate freely in the
area and pose threats to Kandahar, Helmand and Farah Provinces,” said Muhammad
Naim Baloch, the provincial governor in Helmand.
Only now, the task to secure the district has fallen exclusively
to the Afghans, and it is providing an early test of the forces the
international coalition has spent years training to take over the fight.
Last summer in Sangin, Afghan forces got their first taste of
what that fight would look like. Struggling to keep the Taliban at bay, they
lost checkpoints, hard-fought ground and more than 120 men.
The government shuffled commanders, but it hardly mattered. By
the end of the fighting season, the cowed Afghan Army unit there was mostly
unwilling to leave its base to confront the threat. Late last year, reports of
a deal between a local army commander and the Taliban began to surface, driven
in part by attrition rates of nearly 50 percent and the near constant threat of
death.
Given the debacle last summer, the military’s lack of
preparedness so far this year is all the more striking. Police officers ran out
of ammunition, and in some cases bodies could not be recovered because of the
fighting. Even though Helmand is the only province with an entire corps
dedicated to it, the army has struggled to defend it.
The fighting this summer appears to be worse. In just one week,
the security forces appear to have sustained almost half the casualties they
suffered in all of last summer, though reports differ on the exact toll.
Last Saturday, as many as 600 Taliban insurgents stormed
checkpoints through portions of Sangin, claiming wide tracts of land. On
Sunday, the militants attacked the neighboring district of Now Zad. Violence
erupted in Musa Qala on Monday, when the Taliban again stormed police
checkpoints but were prevented from reaching the district center.
The assault on Sangin seems the most concerted. On Friday night,
according to the district governor, the Taliban advanced on the district center
itself. The army repelled the attack through the district bazaar, while the
police stopped an attempted breach from the north.
“Only the district center is under the control of government,”
said Hajji Amir Jan, the deputy chief of the Sangin district council.
Though exact data is nearly impossible to obtain, in part
because there is no longer a coalition footprint in the area, the extent of the
attack offers a new perspective through which to view the Taliban’s ambitions,
especially now that the militants no longer fear the dreaded American air
support that has for years prevented them from massing in large groups.
Although the military denied any collusion between the army and
the Taliban, those questions have started to re-emerge because most of the
casualties have been suffered by the local and national police forces rather
than by the army.
“The Taliban are not powerful enough to resist all of the Afghan
forces,” Mr. Amir Jan said. “Sangin is not an easy district to control, and the
Taliban have strong sanctuaries, but the Afghan National Army is just securing
highways, and they are not really after the Taliban.”
Coalition officials were reluctant to comment on the battles in
Helmand because the fight now belongs to the Afghans. The United Nations,
however, urged caution and respect for the lives of civilians.
“The high number of civilians killed and injured in these
ongoing military operations is deeply concerning,” said the secretary general’s
special representative for Afghanistan, Jan Kubis.
Residents described a hellish scene for those trapped in the
area. Some have started to question whether the fight, and its toll on the
people, is even worth it.
“If the government is unable to control and secure the lives of
the ordinary people, I suggest they leave it to the Taliban,” said Matiullah
Khan, a village elder in Sangin. “We are tired of the situation and would
rather die than continue living in these severe conditions. It has been like
this forever.”
Azam Ahmed
reported from Kabul, and Taimoor Shah from Kandahar, Afghanistan.
