[Most Chinese are unconcerned with how India is growing and changing, because they
prefer to compare their country with the United States and Europe , said Mr. Pei , a professor at Claremont McKenna College near Los Angeles . He says he has tried to organize
conferences about India in China but has struggled to find enough Chinese
India experts. (Watch video here)]
By Vikas Bajaj
Indians acknowledge that
but
passengers daily
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At a recent panel discussion to commemorate the 20th anniversary of India ’s dismantling parts of its socialist
economy, a government minister told business leaders to keep their eye on the
big prize: growing faster than China .
“That’s not impossible,” said the minister, Palaniappan Chidambaram, who
oversees national security and previously was finance minister. “People are
beginning to talk about outpacing China .”
Indians, in fact, seem to talk endlessly about all things China , a neighbor with whom they have long had
a prickly relationship, but which is also one of the few other economies that
has had 8 percent or more annual growth in recent years.
Indian newspapers are filled with articles comparing the two countries.
Indian executives refer to China as a template for development. Government
officials cite Beijing , variously as a threat, partner or role model.
But if keeping up with the Wangs is India ’s economic motive force, the rivalry
seems to be largely one-sided.
“Indians are obsessed with China , but the Chinese are paying too little
attention to India ,” said Minxin Pei , an economist who was born in China and who writes a monthly column for The
Indian Express, a national daily newspaper. (No Indian economists are known to
have a regular column in mainland Chinese publications.)
Most Chinese are unconcerned with how India is growing and changing, because they
prefer to compare their country with the United States and Europe , said Mr. Pei , a professor at Claremont McKenna College near Los Angeles . He says he has tried to organize
conferences about India in China but has struggled to find enough Chinese
India experts.
Liu Yi, a clothing store owner in Beijing , echoed the sentiments of a dozen Chinese
people interviewed in Beijing and Shanghai , in dismissing the idea that the two
countries could be compared. Yes, he said India was a “world leader” in information
technology but it also had many “backward, undeveloped places.”
“China ’s economy is special,” Mr. Liu said. “If China ’s development has a model, you could say
it’s the U.S. or England .”
It might be only natural that the Chinese would look up the development
ladder to the United States , now that it is the only nation in the
world with a larger economy, rather than over their shoulders at India , which ranks ninth. And while China is India ’s largest trading partner, the greatest
portion of China ’s exports go to the United States .
So for India , China represents the higher rung to strive for.
Like India , China traces its civilization back thousands of
years and has a population of more than 1 billion people. And China has lessons to offer because, under Deng
Xiaoping in the late 1970s and early ’80s, it started the transition to a more
open and competitive economy more than a decade before India . Before Deng took power, India ’s economy was bigger on a per-capita
basis than China ’s.
Whatever the reasons, Indians compare virtually every aspect of their
nation with China . Infrastructure (China is acknowledged as being many kilometers
ahead). The armed forces (China is more powerful). Universities (China has invested more in its institutions).
The software industry (India is far ahead). Proficiency in the English
language (India has the historical advantage, but China is catching up).
Evidence of the Indo-Sino interest disparity can be seen in the two
countries’ leading newspapers. The People’s Daily, the Chinese Communist
Party’s house organ, had only 24 articles mentioning India on its English-language Web site in the
first seven months of this year, according to the Factiva database. By
contrast, The Times of India, the country’s largest circulation
English-language newspaper, had 57 articles mentioning China — in July alone.
There are other big gaps. Indian cities, large and small, are filled
with Chinese restaurants that serve a distinctly ultraspicy, Indian version of
that cuisine. But there are few Indian restaurants in Beijing or Shanghai , let alone in smaller Chinese cities.
In 2009, more than 160,000 Indian tourists visited mainland China , according to the Chinese government.
Barely 100,000 Chinese tourists made the reverse trek, according to India ’s government.
Prakash Jagtap, who owns a small engineering firm in the western Indian
city of Pune , has been to China five times. Like many Indians, he loves
Chinese food (of the Indian variant) and he sings the praises of Chinese
diligence and persistence.
“They have more discipline,” he said. “Here in our country, people don’t
look for the long term. Instead, they look for short term, both the management
and labor. We have to change our work culture.”
Mr. Jagtap’s statement reflects a widely held view among Indians that China has outperformed their country in large
part because the Chinese one-party system is more “disciplined” than India ’s vibrant, but messy, democracy.
In early July, The Economic Times, India ’s leading financial newspaper, ran a photo slide
show on its Web site
titled “How China builds these, and why India never does.” The slide show is a series
of photographs of large infrastructure projects in China , including the a new 26-mile-long bridge
linking Qingdao and the Huangdao district across the Jiaozhou Bay on the northeastern coast.
Raghav Bahl, an Indian media executive who has written a book about the
economic rise of both countries, said Indians “nursed a severe feeling of
humiliation” from the 1962 war that was compounded by China ’s economic rise.
“There is a sense that this is one race that we could have done much
better in,” said Mr. Bahl, author of “Superpower? The Amazing Race Between
China’s Hare and India ’s Tortoise.”
But he added that Indians had regained confidence recently as a result
of their country’s strong economy. Many, like Mr. Chidambaram and The Economist
magazine, have suggested that India could soon grow at a faster pace than China . Its economy, at $5.9 trillion, is about
three and a half times as big as the Indian economy, but China ’s population is much older than India ’s.
In China , however, India does not register as a threat,
economically or otherwise.
Meanwhile, Chinese liberals argue that democracy makes India more stable and its government more
accountable — an impression that appears to ignore India ’s frequent electoral turmoil and
deep-rooted corruption.
But Indian fascination with China ’s economic success is also simplistic, Mr. Pei said. While one-party rule may have
helped the country build infrastructure and factories in recent decades, it was
also responsible for big failures under Mao Zedong. They include the Great Leap
Forward and the Cultural Revolution, when millions of people starved or were
killed or persecuted.
Even now, China ’s leaders are struggling to quell public
outrage over a recent high-speed
train disaster, for
which many Chinese blame corruption and cronyism in the railways ministry.
“In both countries, the level of knowledge about the other is relatively
low,” Mr. Pei said.
But at least several people interviewed in China acknowledged an inherent competition
between the countries, given their size and fast growth. Ideally, they said, it
will be a healthy rivalry.
“Competition exists between any two nations,” said Hu Jun, a 40-year-old
teacher in Shanghai . “That’s a good thing. If we compete in the areas of
high-tech and energy saving, I think that will benefit everyone.”
In India , Shrayank Gupta, a 21-year-old student at
the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay , echoed those sentiments: “There will
definitely be a race, because we are both naturally competitive, and the world
will depend on both of us.”