[The world’s
second-most populous country has proven to be an especially difficult market
for electric vehicles. Indian drivers shy away from the premium price tag, even
though it’s far cheaper to charge a vehicle than fuel it; the government
offered generous subsidies to buyers in 2010 but yanked them only a few months
later; the charging network is virtually nonexistent; auto sales are at
their lowest point in
nine years; and persistent blackouts in
parts of the country have raised doubts that electricity will be there when
drivers need it.]
By David Ferris
 |
Mahindra Reva’s E2O. Courtesy of David Ferris
|
Long before the Nissan Leaf and the Chevy Volt were born, India had its own
electric car, the tiny REVAi. The car ended more than a decade of production
last year after selling less than 5,000 units worldwide. But underwhelming
sales haven’t prevented its maker from raising the stakes: This year, Mahindra
Reva is betting everything on its new electric four-seater hatchback, the E2O.
And it isn’t thinking
small. Besides opening a brand-new factory that can pump out 30,000 vehicles a
year, Mahindra Reva plans to almost singlehandedly build an electric-car
charging network with a commercial fast charger that can fully replenish the
battery in 70 minutes and a freestanding auto canopy, the Sun2Car, whose 10
square meters (108 square feet) of solar panels can enable almost 50 kilometers
(30 miles) of travel after a sunny day.
The company’s founder,
Chetan Maini, said in an interview with India Ink that the E2O will be a “game
shift in terms of performance levels” over the REVAi, whose almost comic
smallness made it an object of ridicule on the British auto TV show Top Gear.
He maintained that the E2O (pronounced ee-two-oh) is ideally suited for the
urban driver — if affluent Indians can be persuaded to give it a try.
The world’s
second-most populous country has proven to be an especially difficult market
for electric vehicles. Indian drivers shy away from the premium price tag, even
though it’s far cheaper to charge a vehicle than fuel it; the government
offered generous subsidies to buyers in 2010 but yanked them only a few months
later; the charging network is virtually nonexistent; auto sales are at
their lowest point in
nine years; and persistent blackouts in
parts of the country have raised doubts that electricity will be there when
drivers need it.
But there are reasons
to believe that an Indian electric car could get traction. This time around,
the electric car maker has an ally, the Indian industrial conglomerate
Mahindra, which bought a majority stake in Reva in 2010 and changed the
company’s name to Mahindra Reva. The E2O will initially appear in Mahindra’s
showrooms in Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi.
Another lift may come
from the Indian government, which will soon release the details of a new $4.13
billion program to support electric vehicles with the stratospheric goal of
getting 6 million electric vehicles on the road by 2020. The plan is likely to
include funds for a charging network and subsidies for electric two-wheelers,
which in India are far more popular than cars. (Several companies are building
electric two-wheelers for the Indian market.)
The E2O’s factory in
Bangalore, which I toured last month, is a good place to start in understanding
what makes the car different. First, it isn’t a manufacturing facility, but an
assembly plant where pieces are added to the car’s black steel ribcage. A
skeleton is the right analogy; the E2O is not sheathed in a weight-bearing
steel shell like most cars. Instead, the body is made up of lightweight and
scratch-resistant plastic panels.
The car has met side-
and front-impact crash tests mandated by the Indian government, Kartik Gopal,
Mahindra Reva’s general manager, said, and also complies with crash
requirements in Europe. He added that the frame is similar to that found in the
Audi A8 and that other auto lines, including the Saturn and Mercedes’ SMART,
use plastic body panels to absorb impact while saving weight.
“We make our cars very
differently from any other car that is mass-produced in the world today,” Mr.
Gopal said, as we toured the 23,000-square-foot plant. He explained that using
plastic — pre-impregnated with color to eliminate painting — reduces both cost
and weight. Even a kilogram can make a sizable difference in how much power and
range the lithium-ion battery can deliver.
During the tour, I got
an unexpected chance to take the wheel of the E2O. It’s predecessor, the stubby
REVAi, was utilitarian to the point of ugly, and designers clearly sought to
avoid the same mistake with the E2O. Off-angle windows and swooping fenders
draw the eye away from its boxy shape and short wheelbase.
The driver’s seat
comfortably accommodated this correspondent’s 6-foot-2-inch frame. The car
started up silently, as electric cars do, and with a touch of the accelerator
pedal it rolled forward (with a louder whine, I noted, than the Chevy Volt.)
Compared to American
cars, I found the steering a bit harsh and the suspension a little jouncy on
the pothole-pocked roads. The E2O has two modes — standard and boost — the
latter of which provides better pickup but drains the battery more speedily.
With the pedal to the metal in boost mode on a straightaway of roughly 180
meters, I achieved a speed of about 53 kilometers (33 miles) per hour —
acceleration that is, from an American perspective, unimpressive.
The E2O, however, is
not meant for the American driver. It is intended as a commuter vehicle in
India’s congested stop-and-go traffic, where one rarely gets a straightaway but
can console oneself that the regenerative brakes are replenishing the battery.
The E2O’s top speed will be the maximum legal speed on most urban roads, which
is 80 kilometers an hour.
The vehicle’s range is
about 100 kilometers (62 miles) shorter than the U.S. version of the Nissan
Leaf (73 miles) but longer than the electric-only battery of the Chevy Volt (30
miles, but with a backup gas engine).
The E2O has features
uncommon to low-end cars in the Indian market: an automatic transmission, which
usually carries a price premium, and the kind of telematics and connectivity
that are usually found in higher-end cars, with a smartphone app to control
climate and automotive functions. Mr. Gopal flashed the smartphone app from his
pocket, but I wasn’t able to get my hands on it.
Mr. Maini, the
company’s founder, described the car to me as “reasonably peppy,” and I found
the description apt. Not fast, but maneuverable and fun to drive.
But it’s uncertain
whether this is enough to draw the Mahindra Reva’s target customer, the
well-educated and relatively well-off urban families who want a second ride.
The company won’t reveal the sticker price, though Mr. Gopal didn’t dispute
earlier remarks by Mahindra’s chairman, Anand Mahindra, that the E2O will be 10
to 20 percent more expensive than a comparably-sized gas-powered car.
Mr. Maini said that
the company is expecting the government to provide a rebate of at least 150,000
rupees ($2,790) to each buyer. So crucial is the subsidy that the car’s rollout
has already been put off several months because of government delays.
Some are skeptical
that electric cars will be anything more than a tiny niche. “One might say that
Mahindra is doing it more for the P.R.,” said Zia Patel, a senior strategist at
brand strategy firm Wolff Olins who watches the Indian market. “The EVs right
now will be toys for the rich.”
Mr. Maini wouldn’t say
how many E2Os he expects to sell, except to say that about half of the
Bangalore factory’s output will be sold in India, with the remainder in Europe
and developing countries in Africa and Asia. Sales in the first year are
projected to be low, he added, while drivers get familiar with the new
technology.
@ The New York Times
KERRY CRITICIZES IRAN AND RUSSIA FOR SHIPPING ARMS TO SYRIA
By Michael R. Gordon
KERRY CRITICIZES IRAN AND RUSSIA FOR SHIPPING ARMS TO SYRIA
[Mr. Kerry
attended an international conference in Rome last week that was convened to
show backing for the Syrian opposition. The secretary of state appeared
to welcome some outside efforts to provide military support to rebels in Syria,
even though the Obama administration has decided not to send arms. Asked if
there was a danger that arms sent by Saudi Arabia might fall into the wrong
hands, Mr. Kerry said that it was important to put pressure on the Assad
government.]
By Michael R. Gordon
Mr. Kerry has sought to enlist Russia’s cooperation for a
political solution to the war in Syria and met last week with Foreign
Minister Sergey V. Lavrov.
But Mr. Kerry said in Riyadh that Russia has continued to
send weapons to forces loyal to Mr. Assad.
“Believe me, the bad actors, regrettably, have no shortage
of their ability to get arms — from Iran, from Hezbollah, from Russia,
unfortunately,” Mr. Kerry said in a joint news conference with the Saudi
foreign minister, Prince Saud al-Faisal.
Mr. Kerry attended an international conference in Rome last
week that was convened to show backing for the Syrian opposition. The
secretary of state appeared to welcome some outside efforts to provide military
support to rebels in Syria, even though the Obama administration has decided
not to send arms. Asked if there was a danger that arms sent by Saudi Arabia
might fall into the wrong hands, Mr. Kerry said that it was important to put
pressure on the Assad government.
“There is no guarantee that one weapon or another might
not, at some point in time, flow into the wrong hands,” he said. “But I will
tell you this: there is a very clear ability now in the Syrian opposition to
make certain that what goes to the moderate, legitimate opposition is in fact
getting to them and the indication is that they are increasing their pressure
as a result of that. “
“Morally, we have a duty,” said the Saudi foreign minister,
alluding to efforts to provide military support.
He added that the Assad regime was firing missiles at
population centers in Syria at times of the day when civilians were
concentrated. “Nobody who has done that to his citizens can claim a right to
lead a country,” he said.
While it has decided not to send arms, the Obama
administration said that it will send food and medical supplies to the armed
wing of the Syrian opposition. Britain is expected to soon announce a package
of nonlethal military assistance, such as vehicles.
Mr. Kerry had a working lunch on Monday with Mahmoud Abbas,
the president of the Palestinian Authority, who was visiting Riyadh along with
leaders from the Gulf states. The meeting comes two weeks before President
Obama and Mr. Kerry are planning to travel to Israel, Palestinian areas and Jordon to hear ideas for
trying to revive the Middle East peace effort.
On Iran, Mr. Kerry repeated the American refrain that time
was running out for a diplomatic solution regarding Iran’s refusal to accept
internationally verified limits on itsnuclear program.
He reiterated the argument that allowing Iran to develop nuclear weapons would encourage nuclear proliferation
and heighten tensions in the region.
"But talks will not go on for the sake of talks, and
talks cannot become an instrument of delay that will make the situation more
dangerous,” Mr. Kerry said. “So there is a finite amount of time.”
Saudi Arabia was the seventh stop on Mr. Kerry’s
nine-nation tour. His next are the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, nations that
are very concerned about Iran and the situation in Syria.